Ionic Bond or Electrovalent Bond
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| Posted : Feb, 26, 2010 | Author [imshahankhan]
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In this type of combination, there is a complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. The atom that transfer electrons gets positive charge and the atom that gains electrons get negative charge. The strong electrostatic force acting between positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) ions, hold them together. The attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together is termed electrovalent bond or ionic bond.
For illustration, lets us consider the combination of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms to form common salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). In this combination, an atom of Sodium (Na) transfer one outer most shell electron and becomes positive sodium ion (Na+) and an atom of chlorine gains that one electron to complete its octet and becomes chloride negative ion (Cl-)
Na ----------> Na+ + e-
2,8,1 2,8
Cl + e- ---------> Cl-
2,8,7 2,8,8
Na+ + Cl1- -----------> Na+ Cl- or Na1+ Cl1-
The attraction that binds (Na+) and (Cl-) ions together is called electrovalent bond and the compound (NaCl) is called electrovalent compound or ionic compound.
IMPORTANT TO NOTE
The electrovalent bond is also known as ionic bond because electrovalent compound when dissolved in water or melted produce ionic and therefore, conduct electricity.
Another example of electrovalent bond, is the formation of magnesium oxide (MgO) from magnesium and oxygen. The magnesium (Mg) atom has two electron in its valence shell. If these two electrons are lost, the (Mg) will become a di-positive ion (Mg+2), and the oxygen (O) atom gains these two electron to complete its octet, and becomes di-negative ion (O-2). These two oppositely charged ions formed electrovalent bond and the compound (MgO) is called electrovalent compound.
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